In the early years of the Victorian era, men in Pembrokeshire, Carmarthenshire and Cardiganshire rebelled against the imposition of tolls on the roads they travelled while making their living. In a mass protest movement, they dressed themselves in dramatic and colourful costumes, and led by the enigmatic figure of ß Rebecca', they attacked symbols of injustice, redistributed wealth, and clashed with both local authorities and the national government. These events, which became known as the Rebecca riots, provide a compelling story of successful direct action. But they were also a broader uprising of communities across Wales against a wide range of financial, social and political pressures.